Tuesday, December 20, 2011

The First Few Holidays: Learning to Give and Receive.

--> Since the moment a child is born, parents are willing to provide, to the best of their ability, everything that they think a child needs. The younger a child is, the more needs they have. At these early stages parents are exclusively in the role of giver and provider, giving the child everything from tangible things like food and shelter to their warmth and love. Beyond simply trying to communicate that they are tired, or hungry etc. as a child grows, they become more aware of their surroundings and can better express different things that they like or do not like. Parents will notice more clearly if a child, for example, is more drawn to a specific toy, or a particular tree or a bird. Parents will pick up on these clues and give the child things that they will like, such as a blanket with birds if the child seems to enjoy watching birds, or more toys of a certain texture that the child seems to enjoy. Giving something to a child and seeing in their expression that they truly enjoy it is one of the most rewarding experiences for a parent. This becomes much more apparent during holidays when gifts are exchanged.

During the holidays parents will be inclined to want to shower their child with presents to help them join in the happiness of the season. This is the perfect time for parents to exercise some restraint and realize that a little goes a long way. When parents see that giving one thing to a child makes them happy, they will want to give them more things to make them happier. Parents can get lost in a pattern of escalation, which can result in the child being given things that are not for their level of development. In turn, the child may become overwhelmed or even detached and may not show the reaction parents expect despite having gotten them a gift much more “exciting” than the last. Parents might want to refer to this as the child being “spoiled,” when in reality it is simply the child expressing their frustration. In some cases, children may break decorations or knock things over, not out of hatred or malice, but simply to express that they have reached their limit.

It is important to not get too carried away with trying to always outdo the last present. Even though a parent
may want to relive those beautiful
expressions, gift-giving at this early age is not the sole way of achieving them. What is more important is to give the child the time to learn to use new toys at their own rhythm and to be there as their parent when they do. A simple useful toy that a child will enjoy and learn from, presented to them in a patient and loving manner, may not always get the instant gratification reaction that we as adults equate with being grateful, but it will give them a chance to enjoy the gift in their own way.

The honesty that many parents praise so highly in children and often encourage can seem like a risk when that child is given a gift that they may genuinely not be excited about. Many times a child will have a negative reaction to a gift because they will have learned to appreciate the material value of gifts over the action of being given it. To avoid hurting the feelings of the parents, the gift giver, and the child, it is best to have made it clear before that they are receiving a gift because that person cares about them very much and wants to give them something that will make them happy. This avoids putting the child on the spot by asking them, “what do you say?” and praying that they respond with thank you under the pressure of all those present.

By making sure to model gratitude in everyday life towards everyone a parent will already be providing their child the tools they need to express themselves in that way. Inviting children to express, in their own way, their thoughts or feeling towards another person is a way to teach them the value of gift giving. Dedicating time to be present to respond to questions and help, are ways to model that the preparation dedicated to a drawing, a present or a card is very valuable. This will also show them how beautiful it is to give as well. After all, it is the season of giving.

Wednesday, November 9, 2011

Las Prioridades de los Padres


El nacimiento de un niño cambia la vida de una persona para siempre. Nunca más va a ser igual. Para muchos padres asumir esta realidad toma un esfuerzo. Muchos de ellos se sienten abrumados ante la nueva situación y optan por continuar con su vida como si no hubiera pasado nada. Es así como se esmeran en mantener las mismas actividades sociales y los mismos horarios que tenían antes del nacimiento del niño. Cuando esto pasa es el niño que tiene que adaptarse al horario de trabajo de los padres, ir de compras o hasta de vacaciones … y al mismo tiempo aprender para qué son sus manos y sus brazos. Por todas estas razones aceptar que una vez nacido un niño la vida cambia es fundamental en la vida de los padres. Debido a todas las necesidades que un niño tiene, para él no hay nadie más importante que sus padres. Por eso lo mejor que los padres pueden hacer es asegurarse que el niño es la prioridad en su vida.

La responsabilidad del bienestar básico de los niños es de los padres. Ellos son los que proveerán alimentos cuando el niño tiene hambre, un lugar tranquilo para que duerma cuando esté cansado y seguridad y confort cuando quiere jugar. Estas actividades debieran tener lugar considerando los horarios del niño, y no acomodar las necesidades del niño a las conveniencias de los padres. La comunicación entre el niño y los padres se establece desde el primer momento y la mejor manera de fomentarla es tener paciencia, prestar atención al lenguaje corporal del niño sus expresiones y su apariencia física. De esta manera los padres aprenderán a esperar un poco antes de intervenir o ayudar al niño cuando está involucrado en una tarea, evitando presionarlo con su intervención o siendo demasiado permisivo.

El nacimiento de un niño es motivo de alegría y regocijo en la familia y naturalmente hace que los padres quieran presentarlo enseguida a familiares y amigos. Estos, a su vez, estarán encantados de ver cómo el niño come, duerme, o hasta pueden ser que comenten qué lindo que se ve cuando llora. Un padre que pone el interés del niño primero va a aprender a limitar y prevenir estas situaciones cada vez que éstas sean incomodas para el niño, sin importar las buenas intenciones en las que están fundadas. Esto puede causar conflictos en la relación de los padres con los demás miembros de la familia, algo que los padres terminarán por acostumbrarse cuando se trata de poner los intereses del niño primero.

Proveer al niño con un constante nivel de privacidad y confort es esencial para su optimo desarrollo. Ofrecerle un ambiente de intimidad, libre de distracciones o caras extrañas le dará la seguridad y el lugar confortable para que pueda desarrollarse a su propio ritmo. Esto también tiene que ver con la alimentación. Amamantar a un niño implica un momento de interacción muy privada entre la madre y el niño, tanto física como emocionalmente. Por esta razón, una madre siempre debe encontrar un momento y lugar que sea adecuado para este momento tan importante. Considerando la importancia de estos primeros meses el mismo nivel de respeto debe tenerse presente cuando el niño comienza a comer alimentos sólidos (Más información en relación a como alimentar a un niño puede consultarse aquí).

Tan importante como darle privacidad al niño es otorgarles libertad para que puedan expresarse libremente y aprender a través del juego. Los niños disfrutan de la compañía de los padres durante el juego, pero tienen el derecho a jugar a su manera. Ver a un niño jugar  puede sentirse como una máquina del tiempo que lleva de nuevo a los padres a recordar cómo ellos jugaban con sus juguetes. Los niños, a menudo usan los juguetes de una forma diferente a lo que los adultos esperan que lo hagan. Por ejemplo en las instrucciones no dice, “saboréelos antes de usarlos.” Cruzarse de brazos y dejar al niño dirigir el juego puede ser muy difícil para un padre que recuerda cómo usaba ese mismo juguete cuando era niño.

Poner las necesidades de su hijo primero es tener presente que el niño está tratando de encontrar su propio camino. Tener el privilegio de ser testigo del desarrollo de un ser humano, como  padre, es una experiencia única.

Thursday, October 27, 2011

The Priorities of Parenting.

With the birth of a child comes the inevitable reality that life will never be the same ever again. Ever. For many parents, coming to this realization takes time and a considerable amount of effort. It is not uncommon for some parents to feel overwhelmed and try their best to continue with life as if nothing happened. This is done by finding ingenious ways to keep the same schedule, the same activities and social life as before the child was born. When this happens, it is the child who must adapt to parents work schedule, shopping and vacation time... while also trying to learn what it is their fingers and arms are for. For this reason, coming to the realization that life has changed forever once there is a new child in the family, is one of the most important milestones in becoming a parent (as opposed to just an individual). Because of all the needs that a newborn has, there is no person more important to them than their parents. For this reason, the best thing a parent can do is to be sure that they are making their child the most important priority in their life.

The responsibility of tending to an infant's basic needs lies with the parents. They are the ones who will provide food when the child is hungry, a quiet place when a child is ready to sleep, and a safe comfortable environment when the child needs to play. These activities should take place on the child's schedule, not at the parents convenience as is often the case. From the first moment, the communication between the child and parents will begin to evolve and the best way to foster that it is to be very patient and pay very close attention to the child’s body language, expressions, and physical appearance. In doing so, a parent will learn when it is okay to take a step back and when to intervene or help a child with a task. Because a parent has been very observant, they will know not to be too imposing on the child as well as avoid overwhelming the child by being overly permissive.

Having a new person in the family is a reason for great joy and naturally parents will want to share this with their friends and relatives by having everyone “meet” their child right away. Friends and relatives will watch with delight as a child eats and sleeps or even comment on how cute they are when they cry. A parent who puts their child first will learn to limit and prevent exposing an infant to even this kind of discomfort, no matter how well meaning and founded in love it is. This could cause some social discomfort for the parents and even a little conflict, something parents who put their child first should become very accustomed to.

Providing a child with a constant and comfortable level of privacy is essential to their well being. Allowing the child to have an intimate environment free of outside distractions, unfamiliar faces etc., gives them a secure and comfortable place to develop at their natural rhythm. This applies, for example to eating. Breastfeeding is it's self a very private moment where a mother and a child are physically and emotionally connecting in a very private way. For this reason, a mother should always find a moment and place that is suitable for this important moment. Keeping in mind, how the child is first nurtured, that same level of respect and privacy should be kept and extended even when a child has moved on to solid foods. (More information about the importance of feeding time can be found in this post)


Equally important to providing a child with privacy is allowing them the freedom to express themselves and learn through play. Children enjoy the company of the parents during play time, but they have the right to play in their own way. Watching a child at play can feel like a time machine that takes parents back to the memories they have of playing with their toys. Children often use the toys in ways totally different to what the parents would presume or the instructions indicate. For example, blocks don't have instructions saying, “taste before building.” Sitting back and letting the child lead the play can be very hard for a parent who may have found joy playing with a similar toy in a specific way when they were little. Putting your child’s needs first means having present that the child is trying to find their own way and this is a unique experience to have the privilege to witness as a parent.

Sleeping time should be seriously respected because it is so important to an infant's development. As is the case with most adults, children must be provided with a quiet and peaceful environment to sleep in. A parent who puts their children first will know when their child is tired and will be able to take them home to sleep and not expect them to have a full nap in whatever they fall asleep be it a mall or a playground.

Simply acknowledging what an incredible blessing it is to raise a new person for the world makes accepting the lifelong responsibility of having a child seem more like a privilege and less like an obstacle. It is absolutely true that raising and caring for a child as a number one priority is not easy by any means, but in the scope of life, those precious early years go by very quickly. This level of dedication and care does not go unrewarded. Parent will be providing them with the most important and essential tools that will shape the way they live the rest of their lives.

Friday, August 12, 2011

Aprendiendo a Leer


Después de que innumerables veces se le leyó a un niño el libro” Un pez fuera del agua” hace la siguiente observación. “¿Cómo es posible que este niño vaya solo a la tienda de animales, compre un pescadito, y haga semejante desastre? ¿Donde están sus padres?”

Aunque esto puede parecer una espontánea reacción infantil a un cuento, el razonamiento así como el análisis de la situación que están detrás del comentario muestran que hay una interesante y larga elaboración de la historia.

Uno de los principales factores que ayudó al análisis de la historia es que el niño ha estado expuesto a la comunicación verbal durante toda su vida. El estudio que la escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Harvard llevó a cabo en los orfanatos de Rumania, demuestra que la falta de comunicación con los niños menores de tres años, quienes pasan la mayor parte del tiempo en sus cunas sin comunicación con adultos o con sus iguales., influye en el bajo nivel de inteligencia . Durante este periodo tan importante en la vida del niño el cerebro está en una fase de Plasticidad o período en el que es más susceptible a cambios, crecimiento y adaptación a diferentes estímulos. El estudio muestra que hablando, leyendo cuentos o inclusive cantándoles es importante para el desarrollo del cerebro del niño en su etapa temprana. Cuando se priva al niño de esa comunicación los resultados son devastadores para su desarrollo.

Aunque un recién nacido no es capaz de hablar es importante hablarle porque escuchando y observando a sus padres es como aprenden a comunicarse.

Hay que tener presente que tan importante como hablarles a los bebes también lo es la forma en que se les habla. Hay muchas oportunidades para hablarle a un recién nacido. Irrumpiendo en el cuarto y decir, “Voy a levantarte de la cama” y proceder a hacerlo no es una forma muy sensitiva.

Hay que tener presente que puede ser que el niño ni siquiera sepa que hay alguien más en el cuarto hasta que pueda ver a la otra persona. Considerando que un recién nacido todavía no puede voltear su cabeza , una forma de acercársele puede ser saludarlo y a medida que se va acercando a la cuna y con voz suave decir por ejemplo “Hola es mama, Ya te escuche.” O, “como estas? Voy a ver si necesitas cambiar el panal.” Este modo tan simple de conversar en referencia a lo que sucede en la vida diaria ayuda al niño a familiarizarse con comunicación básica.

Comentando cosas que están pasando por ejemplo “Lo que escuchas es el teléfono que está sonando,” es una forma de involucrar al niño en la vida común tratándolo como una persona. Por eso es importante usar el lenguaje adecuado, con oraciones completas y comunicarse con él en forma regular

Observando a la persona que le habla el niño aprende a comunicarse, ve el lenguaje corporal, las expresiones de la cara, escucha el tono voz y el volumen con que se le habla.

El niño, a su vez va a tratar de comunicarse lo mejor que pueda ya sea con sonido, o con el lenguaje corporal. Con el tiempo va a empezar a aprender los detalles relacionados con la comunicación como cuándo hablar, cuándo parar de hablar y escuchar, el volumen que va a usar, escoger las palabras, etc. La comunicación directa de persona a persona es la única forma de aprender estas habilidades.

Cuando un niño esta frente a la televisión nada de lo mencionado en el párrafo anterior tiene lugar. Exponerlo a la televisión no requiere de ningún esfuerzo de parte del niño, lo priva de jugar explorar y resolver problemas lo cual es fundamental para el desarrollo normal del cerebro del niño durante los primeros tres años de vida.

Leerle libros a los niños es una forma ideal de ayudar al desarrollo natural de su cerebro Interactuando diariamente, haciendo comparaciones, relacionar la historia del libro con la vida regular s como los niños aprenden a leer y a disfrutar. La lectura debe formar parte de la rutina diaria.

La repetición es parte del proceso de comunicación y del aprendizaje de la lectura por lo cual es importante leer varias veces el mismo libro cuando el niño así lo pide. Aunque el adulto considere que ya lo leyó o que conoce el libro al grado de poder repetir la historia de memoria, es la familiaridad que encuentran los niños en la historia lo que los hace volver a los libros que les leyeron en sus primeros años.

El proceso de aprende a leer comienza cuando el niño nace, y no es algo que debe acelerarse con tarjetas o cualquier otro método para los cuales obviamente no están listos. Aprender a leer no es, domesticarlo para demostrar las destrezas que aprendió. Tener a un niño que repite palabras una y otra vez para lucir se con los amigos o parientes puede hacer sentir importante a los padres pero ciertamente no beneficia al desarrollo mental del niño.

Con niños de dos a tres años de edad es importante invitarlos a crear y contar sus propios cuentos y los padres deben escuchar atentamente lo cual le da el mensaje al niño que lo que dice merece ser escuchado.

Los niños que están mas expuestos a la conversación tiene mas inclinación a la lectura. y están más propensos a adquirir la paciencia, disciplina y amor por la lectura que es tan necesaria para los años escolares.

Volviendo al niño que preguntó Cómo puede ser que este niño puede ir solo a la tienda de animales, comprar un pescadito y hacer un desastre?. Dónde están sus padres? Aparentemente este niño disfrutó esa historia varias veces mientras procesó el contenido, comparando su vida con la del personaje, formuló una pregunta inteligente basada en comparaciones y confianza en sí mismo para expresar su preocupación por el bienestar del personaje.

Desde esta perspectiva podemos reconocer el serio análisis critico de un niño y no tan solo un comentario gracioso.

Monday, August 1, 2011

From Talking to Reading

Over the course of several years a child who has been read A Fish out of Water dozens and dozens of times makes an observation. They say, “How come this boy can go by himself to the pet store, buy a fish and make such a disaster? Where are his parents?” Though this may seem like a humorous moment of childhood spontaneity, the reasoning, critical thinking, confidence and initiative to make such a statement, reflects the hard work and consideration that has gone into the child’s early education.  

One of the main factors in getting to that stage of expression and critical thinking is the fact that the child has been engaged in verbal communication throughout their entire life. This is reflected in a Harvard Medical School study on the effects of early deprivation on neglected children in Romanian orphanages. The study found that infants under three years old who spent long periods of time in cribs with little to no interaction with adults or peers actually had lower IQ’s. During this critical time a child’s brain has what is described as a level of “plasticity,” a stage where it is most receptive to changing, growing and adapting to different stimuli. The study shows that forms of interaction, including reading, talking and even singing to a child are instrumental to the early development of their brain and depriving them of such stimuli could have a devastating effect on their development. 

Though a child may not be able to speak at first it is important to talk to them because listening and observing their parents is the way that they learn to communicate.

Keeping in mind the impact that talking to and communicating with an infant has on their development, how a child is spoken to is equally important. In any given day there are many opportunities to talk to a new-born baby. Bursting into a room, proclaiming “I’M GOING TO PICK YOU UP,” and marching out with the child shows little sensitivity for their needs. A more considerate approach, when entering a room with a newborn in a crib, is to recognize that the new-born may not even know anyone is in the room with them until they can see them. With the understanding that they may not be able to turn their head yet, a good approach is for parents to greet them in a soft voice when they approach the child. Simple statements such as, “Hello, this is mom. I heard you.” Or “How are you?” “ I want to see if you need a fresh diaper” and “ How can I help you?” These simple statements and questions about things that are affecting them engage the child and familiarize them with the basics of communication.
 

In other instances parents can comment on things as they happen such as, “What you are hearing is the phone ringing.”  These kinds of interactions, where the child is treated like a person (as opposed to a puppy or kitten), allow the child to participate in regular life. For this reason it is important to use proper language, full sentences and basic normal communication. A child will learn from observing everything about the person they are communicating with, from how they speak to their body language, facial expressions and even the tone or volume of their voice.


In turn a child will respond through the best means of communication that they have available, whether it be words, sounds or simply their own body language. Over time, they will begin to understand the other nuances of communication and speech, such as when to speak, when to stop and listen, what volume to use, word choice etc. Actually having person-to-person interaction with the child is the only way to refine these skills.


While a child is in front of the TV none of the above takes place. There is no participation or effort on the child’s part. They are just a receptor. Watching TV only takes time away from playing, exploring and problem solving which are fundamental for the normal development of the child’s brain during their first 3 years.

Reading books to infants is an ideal way to help the natural development of the child's brain. From their own day-to-day interactions, children will learn to draw comparisons and relate to things happening in books. In this way, they are learning to read, enjoying a story and even interacting with the material. It is, of course, important to emphasize that reading should be done as part of daily routines.

Repetition is part of this entire process of reading and communicating. For this reason it is very important to hold on to and revisit the same books several times if the child asks. While they may move to a more challenging level of reading, many times it is the familiarity of the stories that draws children back to the books they loved as infants.

The process of learning to read begins as early as when they are born and is not something that should be sped-up with flashcards or any other means when they are clearly not ready. Learning to talk and read is a valuable skill that children acquire throughout their entire life. It is not a trick. Having a child who can repeat simple words over and over to impress friends or relatives might be an ego boost for their parents, but it does nothing for the actual developmental health of the child.

As children go through the toddler years they should be invited to create and tell their own stories while the parents listen with full attention. This will give them the confidence that what they say is worth hearing.

Children who are more exposed to books and conversations will grow to have a natural inclination towards reading. They will have naturally acquired the patience, discipline and love for reading that is so necessary for them to excel in school.

Looking back at the child who asked, “How come this boy can go by himself to the pet store, buy a fish and make such a disaster? Where are his parents?” It is apparent that they were able to enjoy a story over and over, while processing the content, comparing their lives to that of the characters, formulate an intelligent question based on those comparisons and have the self-confidence to express their concern for the well being of boy. From this perspective we can recognize this as a valuable developmental milestone and not just a humorous childhood observation. 

Monday, July 18, 2011

Reconociendo la importancia de jugar

Desde la perspectiva de los adultos crayones, plastilina y rompecabezas tienen un uso específico. Sin embargo cuando estos materiales se les presenta a los niños por primera vez, ellos no saben exactamente cómo usarlos. Los padres debieran tener bien presente lo importante que es respetar el derecho del niño a descubrir cosas nuevas por sí mismos permitiéndoles que usen el tiempo que necesiten para aprender a usarlas.

La plastilina abre para los niños un nuevo mundo de texturas, colores, olores e inevitablemente de sabores y como si esto no fuera suficiente muchas veces la plastilina viene acompañada con toda clase de accesorios como moldes para galletitas, palo de amasar, etc. Y por si todo lo anterior fuera poco la presentación viene acompañada con un curso sobre cómo hacer un puerquito, un caballo o cómo cortar perfectamente una galletita. Todo esto habitualmente culmina con una “prueba sorpresa” de cuántos puerquitos hicimos o de qué color es la plastilina. El niño va a tratar de imitar lo que hacen los padres y cuando no lo consigue se frustra y es que para él la única forma correcta de usar la plastilina es para hacer puerquitos como los que hace el padre.

Si en lugar de enseñarle al niño cómo usar los accesorios que vienen con la plastilina se le presenta un pedazo pequeño y se le da la oportunidad de descubrir con paciencia y por si mismo las características del material el niño la va a mirar, tocar, oler y es muy probable que trate de llevárselo a la boca, como hace con la mayoría de los objetos nuevos para él. Puede ser que muestre mucho interés en la textura o plasticidad de la plastilina y trate de usarla en formas diferentes. El niño puede ser motivado con comentarios como “ Te veo muy concentrado en lo que estas haciendo”.

Es muy importante que los padres eviten comentarios exagerados acerca de lo “hermoso” que es lo que hizo y descartar por completo aplaudirlo porque que el niño sólo está jugando, no está haciendo una presentación de sus habilidades artísticas y no se espera de él una obra maestra, entonces sin esa presión puede dedicarse descubrir y a disfrutar la compañía del padre mientras juega.
 
Al mismo tiempo que los niños están enfocados en jugar y usan sus manos para manipular o hacer algo, en su cerebro se desarrolla un proceso de madurez simultaneo que no debe ser presionado o acelerado. Los niños que tienen más oportunidades de explorar y descubrir por si mismos se desarrollan más confianza personal y son más capaces de resolver problemas solos partiendo de la curiosidad e intuición.

Lo mismo ocurre con los rompecabezas. Muchos padres presionan a los chicos a terminar el rompecabezas lo mas rápido posible para lo cual a veces toman la mano del niño y lo hacen agarrar la pieza del rompecabezas y la dirigen al lugar donde pertenece la pieza. Cuando los adultos están haciendo un rompecabezas de 1000 piezas, a veces éste , está sobre la mesa por semanas sin embargo pareciera que cuando se trata de los niños la único importante es que lo termine pronto. La verdad es que no existe un Summa Cum Laude por terminar el rompecabezas primero. Suele suceder que una vez que el niño termina un rompecabezas se le presente otro más complicado como si ya no tuviera nada más que hacer con el primero Considerando lo importante que es para los niños la repetición y familiaridad durante las primeras etapas del desarrollo presentarle al niño continuos desafíos no es algo que beneficie su desarrollo .

Jugar con crayones es más complicado que simplemente poner el papel y el crayón juntos y hacer un dibujo Los niños hacen diferentes descubrimientos cuando usan papel y crayones, por ejemplo ellos descubren cómo sujetar el crayón con sus dedos, o que lo grueso de la línea depende de la presión que ellos hagan sobre el papel. Tomando esto en consideración el uso del crayón es un paso importante en el desarrollo y “mostrándoles cómo” y guiando su mano interfiere en el proceso natural de aprendizaje que tiene lugar en su cerebro. El objetivo no es que el niño haga un Picasso, de hecho no debe de haber presión en el niño para expresarse artísticamente. Los padres deben simplemente apoyar el uso de papel y crayón como otra actividad que ayuda al desarrollo psicomotriz. del niño.

La plastilina, los rompecabezas y los crayones son materiales para jugar y crean importantes oportunidades para que el niño desarrolle el habito de atención sostenida que va a necesitar en la escuela y en el lugar de trabajo. Los padres pueden apoyar a sus hijos estando presentes con ellos y ofreciéndoles un ambiente de calma y seguridad e interactuando con ellos en forma apropiada ( por supuesto sin enseñarles una clase de álgebra o de pintura clásica).

Lo aquí expuesto no es algo que requiera de horas y horas de parte de los padres pero su presencia es fundamental para crear un ambiente tranquilo donde el niño se sienta seguro y pueda a enfocarse en lo que está haciendo: jugar.

Reference: Different Learners by Jane M. Healy, Ph.D.


http://www.preventionaction.org/prevention-news/all-brain/5616

Wednesday, July 13, 2011

Respecting Playtime as a Time for Development.

From the perspective of adults, crayons, play-dough and puzzles have specific functions and uses in play. However, when a child is first introduced to these objects, they will be completely unaware of the intended uses. As parents, it is important to respect a child's right to discover new things by allowing them the time to learn on their own how they want to use them.

Play-dough introduces a new world of textures, colors, smells (and inevitable tastes) to a child. As if this is not enough for a child, many times play-dough is introduced with all sorts of accessories, cookie cutters, rolling pins etc. And if that is not enough, the presentation is completed with a crash course in how to make a pig, or a horse, or how to use a cookie cutter properly. The entire affair usually culminates with a pop-quiz about how many pigs there are or what color the dough is. The child may try to imitate what the parents did and failing to do only leads to frustration. This is because, in the child's eyes the parents have shown them the only way to use play-dough, and the child has done it wrong; they have failed to make a pig in the same way as their parent.


Instead of focusing on all the tools and accessories, presenting the child with a small piece allows them the patience to discover it for themselves. A child will look at it, touch it, smell it and may even put it in their mouth in the same way that they would most other objects. They may be more interested in the texture or plasticity of the play-dough and want to use it in a completely different way.

A child will benefit from encouraging comments such as, "you are very focused in what you are doing." It is important for parents to avoid exaggerated appreciation and discard the applause that will leave the child feeling like they need to put on a performance. In this way, the child will not feel the burned of creating an artistic masterpiece and will instead enjoy the company of their parent during a moment of play and discovery.

When children are involved in playtime, using their hands to manipulate or build something, there is a simultaneous process of maturity taking place in the brain that does not need to be pushed or accelerated. Children who are given more opportunities to explore and discover new things by them selves will become more self confident and develop an intuitive curiosity when they are exposed to new things.

The same is true when puzzles are introduced to a child. Many parents will pressure a child to finish the puzzle as soon as they can by taking the child's hand and making them grab a puzzle piece or inching a puzzle piece closer. When adults work on a 1000 piece puzzles, they could sit on the coffee table for weeks, yet it seems that for children, the only important thing is how fast they can finish it.  The truth is there is no Summa Cum Laude for finishing puzzles fast. Sometimes, when the puzzle is finished, parents might think it's time to introduce an even bigger puzzle with more pieces as if they have graduated. Considering the importance that repetition and familiarity have during the early stages of development, trying to "challenge," a child in this way at every opportunity is actually a disservice to them.  


Playing with crayons is more complicated than simply putting the crayon and paper together and creating a drawing. A child will make several different discoveries during this time, for example they will discover how best to grip a crayon, or the thickness of a line depending on the pressure they apply. Taking this into consideration, the use of crayons is an important step in the development of a child and "showing them how," by grabbing their hand may undermine the learning process that is taking place naturally. Again, the goal here is not for them to make a Picasso, in fact there is no pressure on the child to understand and practice artistic expression at all. Parents must simply support this as an activity that will help their child develop their motor skills. 



These kind of activities all fall under the category of "play," and are very important opportunities for the child to develop the sustained attention habits that foster the skills required to excel in school and the workplace.  Parents can support their children by being there with them in a calm environment and interacting when it is appropriate (not to teach a lesson on painting or algebra). This is not something that requires hours and hours of a parents time, but the presence of the parent is a key part of creating a calm and safe environment for the child who may turn heir head once in a while looking for that assurance. 



Reference: Different Learners by Jane M. Healy, Ph.D.


http://www.preventionaction.org/prevention-news/all-brain/5616

Spanish translation coming soon...

Thursday, June 30, 2011

Creando competencias


Es algo muy común que los padres midan el progreso de sus hijos comparándolos con otros niños de la misma edad. La ansiedad se apodera de ellos si por ejemplo su hijo no empieza a caminar, o hablar al mismo tiempo que otros niños. Aunque ésto es hasta cierto punto comprensible, las presiones para que el niño haga cosas para las que no está listo pueden terminar afectando negativamente su desarrollo en diferentes niveles.

Es importante tener presente que no todos los niños son iguales y que cada uno necesita más o menos tiempo para crecer y aprender. Los padres pueden participar activamente en el desarrollo del niño observándolo e identificando sus necesidades sin forzarlo a hacer cosas para las que no están maduros ni física ni psicológicamente.

Aunque si bien es cierto que se puede enseñar aun niño a caminar por ejemplo, poniéndolo en una andadera se está alterando el proceso de desarrollo neural que ocurre en todo ser humano. Sin darle a los niños la oportunidad de reconocer su propio cuerpo en este caso especifico sus piernas, se los sube a un aparato que los que “hace” que se muevan. En lugar de que el chico procese el significado de la función de sus piernas para descubrir por sí solos cómo caminar se los apresura a caminar con la “ayuda “ de la andadera. Si los padres no confían en que el niño es capaz de aprender a caminar derecho, cómo pueden esperar que aprenda al mismo tiempo a caminar, mantener el balance y además usar un aparto. Esto también se puede aplicar a las impaciencia de los padres para que los niños hablen o aprendan a no usar los pañales.

Cada etapa del desarrollo de un niño es un proceso natural que no debe convertirse en una carrera donde el que camina, habla o deja de usar los pañales primero gana un premio. Esta conducta da al niño el mensaje de que tiene que actuar de acuerdo a las expectativas de los padres, y que el por sí mismo no es suficientemente aceptable.

Aun dentro de las mismas familias las competencias conducen a rivalidades. Las cosas empeoran cuando se hacen comentarios en presencia de los niños. Asumir que los niños no escuchan o que no entienden es subestimar su capacidad intelectual. Aún cuando parece que un niño no esté prestando atención a través del lenguaje corporal o con la conducta de los padres el niño esta recibiendo el mensaje que para ser aceptado debe competir. Generalmente las rivalidades entre hermanos y primos que comenzaron de esas comparaciones duran a lo largo de la vida sin que los protagonistas identifiquen plenamente el origen.

Prestar atención al desarrollo del niño y aceptarlo incondicionalmente como persona es fundamental para ayudarlo a aceptarse a si mismo y a los otros seres humanos y crea las bases para su confianza y seguridad en sí mismo.

Tuesday, June 28, 2011

Competing for what?


A common and natural practice for many parents is to judge the progress of their child by comparing them to their peers. Parents become anxious if, for example, their child does not start to walk or talk at the same time as other children. While such an approach is somewhat logical, unnecessary expectations and pressures on a child to do things they are simply not ready to do could end up negatively affecting their development on different levels.

          It is important to recognize that all children are not the same and that each will require a unique amount of time to learn and grow naturally. Parents must learn to exercise patience and instead of trying to nudge them to be like their peers. They should focus more on learning to carefully observe them.
          Parents can learn to better address the needs expressed by the child through close observation. In this way, a parent takes an active role in facilitating and accommodating a child's natural development without forcing them to perform tasks they are not developed to undertake. Even if it is possible to teach a child different skills such as walking, by putting them in a walker parents are altering the natural process of neural development that every human being has to go through. Without giving them even a chance to recognize their own body, in this case their extremities, the children are thrown into a machine to walk. Instead of a child processing the meaning and function of their legs in order to discover how to walk, they are expected to rush through that with the “help” of a walker. If parents do not trust them to understand their legs enough to walk upright, how can they expect them to learn to use their legs, balance and a machine all together? The same applies to potty training etc.

          The stages of a child’s development are natural processes that should not be turned into a race where the one who walks, talks or is potty trained first wins a prize. This ends up instilling in a child a feeling that if they do not perform to the parents’ expectations, then they will never be as good.
          Even within the same family, competition leads to rivalry. Things become worse when comparisons are made in front of the children. Assuming that children won't hear or that they won’t understand, undermines the child’s capacity and intelligence. Even when it seems like a child may not be paying attention, through body language and other indirect clues, the child is receiving a message that to be accepted they must compete. Often, the rivalries between siblings or cousins that come from comparisons and competition can last a lifetime.

          Attention and unconditional acceptance from the parents is key in helping children to accept themselves and others with respect and ultimately builds a foundation of self-confidence.

Spanish translation coming soon…

Tuesday, June 14, 2011

Respect during meal time.

Some of the most beautiful and memorable moments early in a child's life are when they open their eyes, or when they turn their heads slightly at the sound of a loved one’s voice. By not making loud noises, giving them soft objects to touch and keeping them out of uncomfortably bright lights, we respect that they are still becoming accustomed to their senses and allow them the time they need to adjust. However, it is very common that we forget to show that level of respect for our child’s evolving sense of taste. 

When it comes time to introduce the first solid foods to a child we have to respect their right to taste the real food as it is. By projecting our own tastes and likes when feeding a child, we are taking that right away. For example, the first time, or times that you introduce, a plain potato to a child, they might spit it out. This does not mean that the potato was not born salty enough or sweet enough. There could be any number of reasons for a child to reject a potato at first. Foods come with textures, temperatures, odors etc. as well. Just because we like potatoes seasoned a certain way does not mean we have the right to deprive our child the real taste of that food based on our assumption that they only reject food based on flavor.

The same goes with the sugar. In many occasions when the child makes it more than clear that he had eaten enough, parents will refuse to accept that message and add salt or sugar in order to “bribe” the child into finishing the amount of food that the parent considers they have to eat.

Different, age appropriate food, should be introduced in honest and clear ways, calling the ingredients for the name they have, without the need to hide information. In some instances parents might blend, broccoli with eggs, or do other things to "trick" their child into eating vegetables. In doing so we are underestimating the intelligence of the child, taking away their right to know what they are eating and above all we are modeling dishonesty and manipulation.

Eating is a right. It should not be a reward or anything that a child should feel they have to "perform" for or "earn," no matter how delicious the treat will be. This is why it is so highly recommended not to use food as a reward for behavior. Or as a reward for the consumption of food that we lead them to believe does not taste good in the first place such as, "finish your veggies and you can have ice cream."

As with any other interaction that parents have with a child, eating requires us to be present and excursive patience. When a child is fed time and observation are essential. When a spoon is being used, waiting the amount of time the child needs to put a spoon in their mouth should be very seriously considered. There is no need for distractions to speed up the process and definitely no need for airplanes.

Safety is another fact we have to consider regarding cold, warm or hot food. Before serving a child we should drop a little amount of it on our own hand to feel it, explain to the child what are we doing and invite them to touch it with their finger. This demonstrates a sensitivity to their comfort level with the varying temperatures of food.

The continuous interaction during eating time in daily life, gives the opportunity to demonstrate respect and creates an special connection that gives real information based on honest and respectful approaches.

When children are introduced to real food, without interfering with our own prejudices, we are educating them to make the right choices. How can we expected them to grow up knowing the value of a balanced healthy diet when all healthy foods were hidden from them based on our own criteria?

Though many children have grown up in households where desperate measures (salting, adding sugar, hiding), were taken to get them to consume certain natural food, it really is never too late to encourage them to eat right. Of course this will be a transition, but in the worst cases it will simply require patience and resilience, which really is not asking much given the highly publicised long term affects of childhood obesity.

Alimentando un Niño Con Respeto

Algunos de los momentos más hermosos con un recién nacido es cuando el niño abre por primera vez los ojos, o cuando voltea su cabeza hacia el lado de donde proviene una voz querida. Usando un tono de voz apropiado o dándole juguetes de textura suave al tacto así como resguardando sus ojos de la luz muy intensa estamos respetando el hecho de que sus sentidos se están desarrollando y necesitan de un tiempo para hacerlo. La misma actitud debiéramos tener cuando se trata del sentido del gusto.

Cuando exponemos al niño a los alimentos sólidos debiéramos respetar su derecho a probar los alimentos tal cual son. Cuando al alimentar al niño proyectamos nuestro propios gustos y preferencias estamos ignorando ese derecho. Por ejemplo la primera vez que le damos a probar una papa a un niño puede ser que la rechace. Esto no significa que la papa no sea suficientemente dulce o salada. Hay innumerables razones por las cuales un chico la rechace las primeras veces. Diferentes alimentos tienen diferentes texturas, temperaturas, olores, etc.

El hecho de que a nosotros nos gusten las papas condimentadas de una forma especifica no nos da derecho a privar al niño a que conozca el sabor natural e imponer nuestros gustos. Lo mismo pasa con el azúcar.

En ocasiones cuando el niño expresa claramente que ya terminó de come los padres ignoran el mensaje del niño y deciden agregar sal o azúcar con el objeto de que el niño coma la cantidad que ellos consideran que el niño debe comer.

Los alimentos apropiados para las diferentes etapas de desarrollo deben presentarse clara y honestamente, llamando los alimentos por el nombre que tiene, sin esconder los ingredientes “para que se lo coma sin darse cuenta” ignorando el derecho de los niño, de saber qué es exactamente lo que están comiendo estamos subestimando su inteligencia y no estamos siendo honestos.

Ser alimentados es un derecho que todos los niños tienen. Cuando la comida se usa como premio o retribución a cambio de una especifica conducta de parte del niño, o como distracción al enfrentar una situación difícil ” no llores, quieres un dulce?”se distorsiona todo el significado de la alimentación.. La comida es para alimentarse y alimentar a un niño merece toda nuestra atención y dedicación.

Como cualquier otra interacción entre los padres y el niño comer requiere poner atención. A la hora de alimentar a un niño observar sus necesidades y dedicarle tiempo es muy importante. Cuando se usa una cuchara, debemos esperar a que el niño este listo y nos lo diga abriendo la boca. Tratar de distraerlo para meterle la cuchara porque nosotros consideramos que tiene que comer, es impositivo y desconsiderado

La seguridad es otro factor que se debe tener muy presente, por ejemplo con la temperatura de los alimentos, antes de servirle la comida es aconsejable probar la temperatura dejando caer una pequeña cantidad de esta en nuestra mano, y explicarle al niño lo que estamos haciendo. Es muy probable que el también quiera hacer lo mismo.


Enseñando a un niño cómo comer implica observarlo atentamente para entender sus preferencias y respetar el tiempo que necesita para procesar la información.

La continua interacción durante las comidas diarias da la oportunidad de manifestar respeto, crea una especial conexión y da información real basada en honestidad y respeto.

Cuando a los niños se les presenta los alimentos en forma normal sin imponer nuestras preferencias personales estamos educándolos a hacer sus propias decisiones y al mismo tiempo creando buenos hábitos de comida.

Saturday, June 4, 2011

Los bebés utilizan la razón para predecir hechos futuros antes de empezar a hablar

 
En el articulo adjunto se hace referencia a estudios hechos últimamente donde se demuestra la capacidad de razonamiento preciso que tienen los niños menores de un año. Estos estudios reafirman la importancia de comunicarse con los niños desde el momento del nacimiento y al mismo tiempo invalida la creencia de muchos padres que durante el primer año niños nada mas tienen la capacidad mental para responder a nuestras vocecitas insólitas, caritas ridículas, y cosquillas.
La comunicación entre seres humanos comienza aún cuando no se conoce el exacto significado de las palabras, es la repetición de esas palabras y la expresión corporal que las acompaña lo que enseña el significado. Anticipar con palabras que vamos a cambiar los pañales, y luego proceder, sin prisas a hacerlo, es una forma de usar las actividades de la vida diaria del bebes para entablar una conversación. Describiendo cada paso del proceso de cambio de panales por ejemplo, ayuda a que se establezca esa conexión y motiva la colaboración del niño.
Formular preguntas lógicas, y esperar una respuesta puede conducir a un dialogo, por ejemplo,
 – Tienes hambre? Cociné avena, quieres comer?
Y mostrarle al mismo tiempo el plato con la avena. O hacer referencia algo que pasa en ese momento, como
– Oh! Se me cayó la cuchara.
Es muy probable que el niño siga con su mirada todo lo que ocurre y mire a los padres. Estando muy atentos a la respuesta del niño las situaciones que invitan al dialogo son innumerables, solo hay que observar atentamente al niño e involucrarse en la conversación como lo hacemos con otro ser humano.
Es diferente cuando no se establece esa comunicación, cuando simplemente no se le habla al niño asumiendo que no entiende, que nosotros por el hecho de ser adulto, sabemos cuales son sus necesidades y muchas veces actuamos en base a suposiciones y adivinanzas.
Observando cuidadosamente al niño aprendemos a entender su mensajes. El llanto es la forma que tiene un recién nacido de expresar su molestia. Tratar de suprimir ese intento de comunicación con distracciones, poniéndole un chupete en la boca o con el famoso  ”Shhh” no ayuda al entablar la comunicación basada en respeto.
Hablarle con respeto a un niño, implica tratarlo como un ser humano normal, con capacidad para entender, asimilar el mensaje y dar una repuesta. Respetarlo significa tener presente que el tiempo que necesita el niño para elaborar la respuesta es diferente al del adulto.
El lenguaje es mejor aprendido por la interacción entre seres humano, como lo ha demostrado la Dr. Khon (http://tinyurl.com/3e34o42), tarjetas, videos e incluso programas de computadora supuestamente hechos para bebes no sirven y definitivamente no deben reemplazar la comunicación humana.
Es conveniente tener presente que no hay caminos cortos para ser padre, y que las primeras experiencias del niño con el lenguaje van a tener un marcado impacto en su desempeño en la escuela.

Babies Are Capable of Complex Reasoning


          The attached article illustrates the significance of various studies that demonstrate the enormous reasoning capacity of infants less than a year old. Studies like these reaffirm how important it is to maintain continuous verbal communication with infants from the time they are born, while at the same time, further dispelling the belief that infants younger than a year old only have the mental capacity to respond to baby-talk, funny faces and tickling.
Interpersonal communication begins even before the infant recognizes the exact meaning of words. It is the repetition and body language accompanying the language that serves to demonstrate the meaning of the words being spoken. Letting a child know that it is time to change their diaper, and continuing to do so in a patient and loving manner while letting them know what you are doing, is an ideal way to use daily activities to demonstrate communication.
Formulating simple, logical questions and giving the child a moment to respond builds their ability to maintain a dialogue. Asking, for example, “Are you hungry? I cooked oatmeal. Would you like some?” While at the same time showing them the plate of oatmeal, or even responding to events taking place at that very moment such as, “ Oh! I dropped the spoon.” You might notice the child following the action with their eyes.
Closely observing and responding to their body language and demeanor allows us to have a two-way communication with the child as we would, by using words, with any other human being. Not paying close attention to their actions, the way they attempt to express their needs, means we have to rely solely on suspicions and guesses.
Such an understanding of the ways your child communicates can only come as a result of close observation and patience. Crying is one of the first ways a child communicates their discomfort. Trying to quiet them by shaking them, gaging them with a pacifier, or shushing them is a very dismissive, if not selfish, attitude to take when attempting to foster a relationship of communication based on respect.
        Speaking to a child with respect implies that you are treating them as you would any other human being with the capacity, which as the article confirms they do have, to absorb information and respond. Again, we must always keep in mind that the time it takes for an infant to process and formulate some sort of response will vary from that of an adult.
As Dr. Kuhl (http://tinyurl.com/3ovckxk) demonstrates, flashcards, computer programs and videos for infants do little if anything to help a child’s mental development and pale in comparison to good ol’ person-to-person communication.
             It is important to keep in mind that putting this into practice, like all parts of raising a child requires patience and time. There are no shortcuts to parenting. However, communicating with your child from the moment of birth can have a lasting impact on their growth throughout their education as well as in their own social networks.

Wednesday, June 1, 2011

"Ahorita vuelvo"

Cuando nuestros hijos crecen, muchas veces nos sentimos frustrados porque nos damos cuenta que no nos están hablando con la verdad. Notamos que hay algo que no coincide con la realidad, a veces nada más lo percibimos.

Las causa de las conductas de los niños están en estrecha relación con lo que les mostramos a través de nuestra propia conducta, del ambiente en que crecen y las interacciones que ellos ven a su alrededor desde que nacen.

”Ahorita viene,” es una frase muy común cuando alguien muy cercano al niño se va (generalmente la madre o el padre). Diciéndole al niño algo que sabemos que no es cierto no alivia el disgusto del niño, a veces lo acrecienta, tampoco ayuda mucho al niño que lo sacudan y traten de callarlo con el clásico “sh sh.”

Si consideráramos al niño como una persona normal la madre podría avisarle con mensaje corto como, -en un ratito voy a salir, pero tu Papá estará contigo-

Y cuando la madre finalmente se va despedirse del niño, y salir. Cuando los padres deciden esconderse para salir, o recurren a la distracción para salir sin que el niño lo note , están enseñándole al niño cómo no decir la verdad a demás de hacer bastante confuso para el niño saber cuándo creer a sus padres y cuándo no.

De la misma forma, la persona que está a cargo del niño, puede decirle al niño, -tu mamá salió, y va a regresar en un rato, yo estaré contigo hasta que ella vuelva. Si el niño llora es importante que la persona reconozca ese llanto en lugar de tratar de evitarlo, por ejemplo comentándole al niño -ya se que estás llorando , tu mamá va a regresar, y yo estaré contigo hasta que ella vuelva.

Es muy importante tener presente que el llanto del niño es normal, la separación de su madre aunque sea momentánea causa ese llanto, por lo cual tratar de suprimirlo con caminatas sacudiéndolo y haciendo “sh, sh” no es la mejor forma de ayudarlo. Es válido ponernos en el lugar del niño, y pensar si cuando estamos separándonos de alguien querido, cómo nos sentiríamos si alguien nos trata de distraer y nos hacen el gesto que implica que debemos callarnos.

Usando el clásico, ”ahorita vuelve,” cuando sabemos que no es exactamente lo que va a ocurrir crea inseguridad desconfianza y daña la credibilidad del niño hacia los demás.

Hablando al niño con la verdad desde el primer día estamos ayudando al desarrollo de una persona que confiá en los demás, que no tiene que preocuparse por estar verificando lo que dicen y que tiene la suficiente seguridad en si mismo para decir las cosa como realmente son.

Sunday, May 15, 2011

Technology can not replace human interaction (From LRS)


baby laptopAs adults, we rely on technology to help make our lives a little bit easier and sometimes we might be inclined to feel like the earlier in life our children have a grasp of technology the better off they will be. However, many thoughtful parents are weary of trusting their child’s developing minds to technologies meant to “enhance” the infant learning process.
The attached article and accompanying video is a remarkable account of the mind of child at a very early age and the role that technology plays in their life. This could potentially answer the questions originally posed by Dr. Jane M. Healy in her book, Endangered Minds, about how exactly a human child’s mind interacts with a, “machine mind” of a computer.
Remarkably, these scientists found that not only does the mind of an infant younger than 8 months have an incredible ability to decipher the differences and nuances in different languages, but that there is also a tremendous value to where the information comes from, be it a computer or a real human being. It turns out that when certain specific and identical information is presented to an infant from a computer instead of from another human being, the child absorbs NOTHING from the machine, but when that information comes from a human being, the child has the incredible capacity to comprehend language completely foreign to them. This proves that human interaction with children since they are born helps to a natural and regular development of a child brain.
When parents have to search for a caregiver to be with their children, they should have very present that the way that this person talks and interacts with the child will have a very important impact in the life of the child. This is why providing your child with exceptional childcare from informed and educated professionals is one of the most important investments you can make for the life of your child. Education at any age is not a luxury it is an essential need. Please make sure to watch the video on the page as well.
If Babies Can’t Learn Through Videos, Can Students?
It’s time for more ‘systems thinking’ about technology in education.
Babies are geniuses when it comes to learning languages. They don’t even have to try. All they need is exposure. But it turns out that when that exposure happens through a screen, these infant savants fail.
If babies can’t learn a language—something their brains do automatically—when technology is in the way or when the human touch is missing, that says a lot about what we don’t know when it comes to learning and technology.
I’m all for teaching students how to use technology and integrating software and hardwareright into the classroom when it works. But it doesn’t always work. Or more fittingly, it doesn’t work equally for all kinds of students in different circumstances, just as learning a language doesn’t work the same for young children as it does for adults.
The Limits of Technology’s Usefulness
A TED talk video posted today called “The linguistic genius of babies” exposed research that showed babies learn language through contact with real humans, but not through televisionscreens and audio recordings.
Patricia Kuhl, co-director of the Institute for Brain and Learning Sciences at the University of Washington, shared some of the results of her research in the talk, which was recorded in October 2010 in Seattle, Washington, at TEDx Rainer. Infants between six months and one year old were taught how to pronounce Mandarin sounds through either audio, videos of real people with sound, or live human interaction. The babies’ ability to reproduce the sounds increased with time only when they were taught in the face-to-face setting. Babies who learned through video and audio got worse. (For more details on the methodology and experiment, see the video.)
Kuhl’s findings should remind us of the limitations of technology in learning—or at least to remember that it has plenty of advantages and disadvantages in certain situations and with certain kinds of people.
At a time when governments, non-profit organizations, and private industry are investing heavily in technology for learning and communication, from distance education to virtual business meetings, Kuhl’s talk, for me, is a slightly unnerving reality check.
Full article at pcmag.comFull article at pcmag.com
Post by: Magdalena S. Palencia